250 trạng từ thường gặp nhất trong tiếng anh giao tiếp: Trong số 2265 từ vựng tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, có 252 từ là trạng từ. Tuy nhiên, trong số đó chỉ có 154 từ được sử dụng chủ yếu dưới dạng trạng từ, trong khi 98 từ còn lại thuộc những loại từ khác…
Vị trí của trạng từ
- Trạng từ bổ nghĩạ cho từ loại nào thì phải đứng gần từ loại ấy. Quy tắc này thường được gọi là Quy tắc “cận kề”.
Ví dụ: She often says she visits her grandmother. (Often bổ nghĩạ cho “says”)
She says she often visits her grandmother. (Often bổ nghĩạ cho “visits”)
- Trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong tình huống bình thường nên đặt nó ở cuối câu (như vậy rất khác với tiếng Việt).
Ví dụ: We visited our grandmother yesterday. I took the exams last week.
- Trạng từ không được đặt/dùng giữa Động từ và Tân ngữ:
Ví dụ: He speaks English slowly. He speaks English very fluently.
- Khi có một cụm từ dài hoặc mệnh đề theo sạu động từ, chúng ta có thể đặt trạng từ trước động từ.
Hãy so sánh: “He opens the books quickly.” và “He quickly opens the books thạt the teạcher tells him to reạd.” (Anh ấy nhanh chóng mở quyển sách mà giáo viên yêu cầu).
[ Nơi chốn – Cách thức – Tần suất – Thời gian]
Chủ ngữ / động từ | Nơi chốn | Cách thức | Tần suất | Thời gian |
I went | to Hanoi | by plane | yesterday | |
I walked | to the zoo | everyday | last month | |
He flew | to England | by plane | once a month | last year |
- Những trạng từ chỉ phẩm chất cho cả một câu như Luckily, Fortunately, Eventually, Certainly hoặc Surely … thường đừợc đặt ở đầu mỗi câu.
Ví dụ: Certainly, they will be here thislatr afternoon. Luckily, she didn’t live where the war broke out in 1914-1918.
Hình thức so sánh của trạng từ
- Các hình thức so sánh của trạng từ cũng được tuân theo giống như các nguyên tắc của tính từ.
Ví dụ: He ran as fast as his close friend.
I’ve been waiting for her longer than you
I’ve been waiting for her longer than you
- Cũng như tính từ, Trạng từ cũng có hình thức so sánh kép:
Ví dụ: We are going more and more slowly.
He is working harder and harder.
He is working harder and harder.
- Chú ý: Trong so sánh Hơn-Kém và so sánh nhất, khác với tính từ, trạng từ kết thúc bằng đuôi – ly (ending by – ly) sẽ được so sánh như tính từ đa (hai trở lên) âm tiết.
Quickly | more quickly | the most quickly
Beautiful | more beautifully | the most beatifully
Beautiful | more beautifully | the most beatifully
Vì tính đa nghĩa của từ vựng, cho nên vị trí của từ được sắp xếp theo thứ tự như sau
1) tần suất xuất hiện của những từ chỉ là trạng từ, sau đó là
2) tần suất xuất hiện của những từ chủ yếu là trạng từ, ngoài ra còn có thể là những loại từ khác.
3) tần suất xuất hiện của những từ chủ yếu là các loại từ khác, nhưng còn có thể là trạng từ.
Từ vựng | Tần suất | Loại từ |
not | 658 | (adverb) |
also | 419 | (adverb) |
very | 191 | (adverb) |
often | 187 | (adverb) |
then | 179 | (adverb) |
however | 128 | (adverb) |
too | 114 | (adverb) |
usually | 101 | (adverb) |
early | 77 | (adverb) |
never | 76 | (adverb) |
always | 69 | (adverb) |
sometimes | 67 | (adverb) |
together | 63 | (adverb) |
likely | 57 | (adverb) |
simply | 54 | (adverb) |
generally | 52 | (adverb) |
instead | 50 | (adverb) |
actually | 46 | (adverb) |
again | 44 | (adverb) |
rather | 42 | (adverb) |
almost | 41 | (adverb) |
especially | 41 | (adverb) |
ever | 39 | (adverb) |
quickly | 39 | (adverb) |
probably | 38 | (adverb) |
already | 36 | (adverb) |
below | 36 | (adverb) |
directly | 34 | (adverb) |
therefore | 34 | (adverb) |
else | 30 | (adverb) |
thus | 28 | (adverb) |
easily | 26 | (adverb) |
eventually | 26 | (adverb) |
exactly | 26 | (adverb) |
certainly | 22 | (adverb) |
normally | 22 | (adverb) |
currently | 19 | (adverb) |
extremely | 18 | (adverb) |
finally | 18 | (adverb) |
constantly | 17 | (adverb) |
properly | 17 | (adverb) |
soon | 17 | (adverb) |
specifically | 17 | (adverb) |
ahead | 16 | (adverb) |
daily | 16 | (adverb) |
highly | 16 | (adverb) |
immediately | 16 | (adverb) |
relatively | 16 | (adverb) |
slowly | 16 | (adverb) |
fairly | 15 | (adverb) |
primarily | 15 | (adverb) |
completely | 14 | (adverb) |
ultimately | 14 | (adverb) |
widely | 14 | (adverb) |
recently | 13 | (adverb) |
seriously | 13 | (adverb) |
frequently | 12 | (adverb) |
fully | 12 | (adverb) |
mostly | 12 | (adverb) |
naturally | 12 | (adverb) |
nearly | 12 | (adverb) |
occasionally | 12 | (adverb) |
carefully | 11 | (adverb) |
clearly | 11 | (adverb) |
essentially | 11 | (adverb) |
possibly | 11 | (adverb) |
slightly | 11 | (adverb) |
somewhat | 11 | (adverb) |
equally | 10 | (adverb) |
greatly | 10 | (adverb) |
necessarily | 10 | (adverb) |
personally | 10 | (adverb) |
rarely | 10 | (adverb) |
regularly | 10 | (adverb) |
similarly | 10 | (adverb) |
basically | 9 | (adverb) |
closely | 9 | (adverb) |
effectively | 9 | (adverb) |
initially | 9 | (adverb) |
literally | 9 | (adverb) |
mainly | 9 | (adverb) |
merely | 9 | (adverb) |
gently | 8 | (adverb) |
hopefully | 8 | (adverb) |
originally – hoc tieng anh |
8 | (adverb) |
roughly | 8 | (adverb) |
significantly | 8 | (adverb) |
totally | 7 | (adverb) |
twice | 7 | (adverb) |
elsewhere | 6 | (adverb) |
everywhere | 6 | (adverb) |
perfectly | 6 | (adverb) |
physically | 6 | (adverb) |
suddenly | 5 | (adverb) |
truly | 5 | (adverb) |
virtually | 5 | (adverb) |
altogether | 4 | (adverb) |
anyway | 4 | (adverb) |
automatically | 4 | (adverb) |
deeply | 4 | (adverb) |
definitely | 4 | (adverb) |
deliberately | 4 | (adverb) |
hardly | 4 | (adverb) |
readily | 4 | (adverb) |
terribly | 4 | (adverb) |
unfortunately | 4 | (adverb) |
forth | 3 | (adverb) |
briefly | 2 | (adverb) |
moreover | 2 | (adverb) |
bly | 2 | (adverb) |
honestly | 1 | (adverb) |
previously | 1 | (adverb) |
as | 1363 | (adverb, conjunction, pronoun) |
there | 470 | (adverb, pronoun, noun) |
when | 442 | (adverb, conjunction) |
how | 412 | (adverb, conjunction) |
so | 352 | (adverb, conjunction, pronoun) |
up | 296 | (adverb, preposition, adjective) |
out | 294 | (adverb, preposition, adjective) |
no | 213 | (adverb, adjective, noun) |
only | 208 | (adverb, adjective, conjunction) |
well | 184 | (adverb, verb, noun) |
first | 176 | (adverb, adjective) |
where | 166 | (adverb, pronoun) |
why | 118 | (adverb, conjunction, noun) |
now | 104 | (adverb, conjunction, adjective) |
around | 101 | (adverb, preposition) |
once | 95 | (adverb, conjunction) |
down | 94 | (adverb, preposition, adjective) |
off | 74 | (adverb, preposition, adjective) |
here | 72 | (adverb, interjection) |
tonight | 71 | (adverb, noun) |
away | 59 | (adverb, adjective) |
today | 54 | (adverb, noun) |
far | 46 | (adverb, adjective) |
quite | 45 | (adverb, interjection) |
later | 42 | (adverb, interjection) |
above | 40 | (adverb, preposition, adjective) |
yet | 32 | (adverb, conjunction) |
maybe | 17 | (adverb, noun) |
otherwise | 14 | (adverb, adjective) |
near | 13 | (adverb, preposition, adjective) |
forward | 11 | (adverb, adjective, noun) |
somewhere | 10 | (adverb, noun) |
anywhere | 9 | (adverb, noun) |
please | 8 | (adverb, verb, idiom) |
forever | 7 | (adverb, noun, idiom) |
somehow | 6 | (adverb, idiom) |
absolutely | 5 | (adverb, interjection) |
abroad | 2 | (adverb, noun) |
yeah | 2 | (adverb, interjection) |
nowhere | 1 | (adverb, pronoun, adjective) |
tomorrow | 1 | (adverb, noun) |
yesterday | 1 | (adverb, noun) |
the | 9243 | (definite article, adverb) |
to | 4951 | (preposition, adverb) |
in | 2822 | (preposition, adverb) |
on | 1087 | (preposition, adverb, adjective) |
by | 706 | (preposition, adverb) |
more | 597 | (adjective, adverb) |
about | 451 | (preposition, adverb, adjective) |
such | 236 | (adjective, adverb) |
through | 235 | (preposition, adverb, adjective) |
new | 210 | (adjective, adverb) |
just | 208 | (adjective, adverb) |
any | 190 | (adjective, adverb) |
each | 173 | (adjective, adverb) |
much | 165 | (adjective, adverb) |
before | 141 | (preposition, adverb, conjunction) |
between | 137 | (preposition, adverb) |
free | 115 | (adjective, adverb, verb) |
right | 113 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
best | 108 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
since | 107 | (preposition, adverb, conjunction) |
both | 91 | (adjective, adverb) |
sure | 90 | (adjective, adverb) |
without | 89 | (preposition, adverb, conjunction) |
back | 86 | (noun, adverb, verb) |
better | 86 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
enough | 82 | (adjective, adverb, interjection) |
lot | 82 | (pronoun, adverb, noun) |
small | 81 | (adjective, adverb) |
though | 81 | (conjunction, adverb) |
less | 75 | (adjective, adverb, preposition) |
little | 71 | (adjective, adverb) |
under | 70 | (preposition, adverb, adjective) |
next | 64 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
hard | 61 | (adjective, adverb) |
real | 58 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
left | 52 | (adjective, adverb) |
least | 50 | (adjective, adverb) |
short | 48 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
last | 47 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
within | 46 | (preposition, adverb) |
along | 45 | (preposition, adverb) |
lower | 41 | (adjective, adverb) |
true | 38 | (adjective, adverb, verb) |
bad | 37 | (noun, adverb, adjective) |
across | 36 | (preposition, adverb, adjective) |
clear | 35 | (adjective, adverb, verb) |
easy | 35 | (adjective, adverb, interjection) |
full | 34 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
close | 29 | (adjective, adverb, verb) |
late | 28 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
proper | 27 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
fast | 25 | (adjective, adverb, verb) |
wide | 25 | (adjective, adverb) |
item | 23 | (noun, adverb) |
wrong | 23 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
ago | 22 | (adjective, adverb) |
behind | 22 | (preposition, adverb, adjective) |
quick | 22 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
straight | 21 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
direct | 20 | (adjective, adverb, verb) |
extra | 20 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
morning | 20 | (noun, adverb) |
pretty | 20 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
overall | 19 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
alone | 18 | (adjective, adverb) |
bright | 17 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
flat | 17 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
whatever | 16 | (pronoun, adverb, interjection) |
slow | 15 | (adjective, adverb, verb) |
clean | 14 | (adjective, adverb, verb) |
fresh | 14 | (adjective, adverb) |
whenever | 14 | (conjunction, adverb) |
cheap | 13 | (adjective, adverb) |
thin | 13 | (adjective, adverb, verb) |
cool | 12 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
fair | 11 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
fine | 11 | (adjective, adverb, verb) |
smooth | 10 | (adjective, adverb, verb) |
false | 7 | (adjective, adverb, idiom) |
thick | 7 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
collect | 6 | (verb, adverb, noun) |
nearby | 6 | (adjective, adverb) |
wild | 6 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
apart | 5 | (adjective, adverb) |
none | 5 | (pronoun, adverb, adjective) |
strange | 5 | (adjective, adverb) |
tourist | 5 | (noun, adverb) |
aside | 4 | (noun, adverb) |
loud | 4 | (adjective, adverb) |
super | 4 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
tight | 4 | (adjective, adverb) |
gross | 3 | (adjective, adverb, verb) |
ill | 3 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
downtown | 2 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
honest | 2 | (adjective, adverb) |
ok | 1 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
pray | 1 | (verb, adverb) |
weekly | 1 | (adjective, adverb, noun) |
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