TRẠNG TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG TIẾNG ANH GIAO TIẾP

250 trạng từ thường gặp nhất trong tiếng anh giao tiếp: Trong số 2265 từ vựng tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, có 252 từ là trạng từ. Tuy nhiên, trong số đó chỉ có 154 từ được sử dụng chủ yếu dưới dạng trạng từ, trong khi 98 từ còn lại thuộc những loại từ khác…

Vị trí của trạng từ

  • Trạng từ bổ nghĩạ cho từ loại nào thì phải đứng gần từ loại ấy. Quy tắc này thường được gọi là Quy tắc “cận kề”.

Ví dụ: She often says she visits her grandmother. (Often bổ nghĩạ cho “says”)
She says she often visits her grandmother. (Often bổ nghĩạ cho “visits”)

  • Trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong tình huống bình thường nên đặt nó ở cuối câu (như vậy rất khác với tiếng Việt).
Ví dụ: We visited our grandmother yesterday. I took the exams last week.
  • Trạng từ không được đặt/dùng giữa Động từ và Tân ngữ:
Ví dụ: He speaks English slowly. He speaks English very fluently.
  • Khi có một cụm từ dài hoặc mệnh đề theo sạu động từ, chúng ta có thể đặt trạng từ trước động từ.
Hãy so sánh: “He opens the books quickly.” và “He quickly opens the books thạt the teạcher tells him to reạd.” (Anh ấy nhanh chóng mở quyển sách mà giáo viên yêu cầu).
nhung-trang-tu-thuong-gap-trong-tieng-anh-giao-tiep

[ Nơi chốn – Cách thức – Tần suất – Thời gian]

Chủ ngữ / động từ Nơi chốn Cách thức Tần suất Thời gian
I went to Hanoi by plane yesterday
I walked to the zoo everyday last month
He flew to England by plane once a month last year
  • Những trạng từ chỉ phẩm chất cho cả một câu như Luckily, Fortunately, Eventually, Certainly hoặc Surely … thường đừợc đặt ở đầu mỗi câu.
Ví dụ: Certainly, they will be here thislatr afternoon. Luckily, she didn’t live where the war broke out in 1914-1918.

Hình thức so sánh của trạng từ

  • Các hình thức so sánh của trạng từ cũng được tuân theo giống như các nguyên tắc của tính từ.
Ví dụ: He ran as fast as his close friend.
I’ve been waiting for her longer than you
  • Cũng như tính từ, Trạng từ cũng có hình thức so sánh kép:
Ví dụ: We are going more and more slowly.
He is working harder and harder.
  • Chú ý: Trong so sánh Hơn-Kém và so sánh nhất, khác với tính từ, trạng từ kết thúc bằng đuôi – ly (ending by – ly) sẽ được so sánh như tính từ đa (hai trở lên) âm tiết.
Quickly  |  more quickly  |  the most quickly
Beautiful  |  more beautifully  |  the most beatifully

nhung-trang-tu-thuong-gap-trong-tieng-anh-giao-tiep-2Vì tính đa nghĩa của từ vựng, cho nên vị trí của từ được sắp xếp theo thứ tự như sau

1) tần suất xuất hiện của những từ chỉ là trạng từ, sau đó là
2) tần suất xuất hiện của những từ chủ yếu là trạng từ, ngoài ra còn có thể là những loại từ khác.
3) tần suất xuất hiện của những từ chủ yếu là các loại từ khác, nhưng còn có thể là trạng từ.
Từ vựng Tần suất Loại từ
not 658 (adverb)
also 419 (adverb)
very 191 (adverb)
often 187 (adverb)
then 179 (adverb)
however 128 (adverb)
too 114 (adverb)
usually 101 (adverb)
early 77 (adverb)
never 76 (adverb)
always 69 (adverb)
sometimes 67 (adverb)
together 63 (adverb)
likely 57 (adverb)
simply 54 (adverb)
generally 52 (adverb)
instead 50 (adverb)
actually 46 (adverb)
again 44 (adverb)
rather 42 (adverb)
almost 41 (adverb)
especially 41 (adverb)
ever 39 (adverb)
quickly 39 (adverb)
probably 38 (adverb)
already 36 (adverb)
below 36 (adverb)
directly 34 (adverb)
therefore 34 (adverb)
else 30 (adverb)
thus 28 (adverb)
easily 26 (adverb)
eventually 26 (adverb)
exactly 26 (adverb)
certainly 22 (adverb)
normally 22 (adverb)
currently 19 (adverb)
extremely 18 (adverb)
finally 18 (adverb)
constantly 17 (adverb)
properly 17 (adverb)
soon 17 (adverb)
specifically 17 (adverb)
ahead 16 (adverb)
daily 16 (adverb)
highly 16 (adverb)
immediately 16 (adverb)
relatively 16 (adverb)
slowly 16 (adverb)
fairly 15 (adverb)
primarily 15 (adverb)
completely 14 (adverb)
ultimately 14 (adverb)
widely 14 (adverb)
recently 13 (adverb)
seriously 13 (adverb)
frequently 12 (adverb)
fully 12 (adverb)
mostly 12 (adverb)
naturally 12 (adverb)
nearly 12 (adverb)
occasionally 12 (adverb)
carefully 11 (adverb)
clearly 11 (adverb)
essentially 11 (adverb)
possibly 11 (adverb)
slightly 11 (adverb)
somewhat 11 (adverb)
equally 10 (adverb)
greatly 10 (adverb)
necessarily 10 (adverb)
personally 10 (adverb)
rarely 10 (adverb)
regularly 10 (adverb)
similarly 10 (adverb)
basically 9 (adverb)
closely 9 (adverb)
effectively 9 (adverb)
initially 9 (adverb)
literally 9 (adverb)
mainly 9 (adverb)
merely 9 (adverb)
gently 8 (adverb)
hopefully 8 (adverb)
originally – hoc tieng anh
8 (adverb)
roughly 8 (adverb)
significantly 8 (adverb)
totally 7 (adverb)
twice 7 (adverb)
elsewhere 6 (adverb)
everywhere 6 (adverb)
perfectly 6 (adverb)
physically 6 (adverb)
suddenly 5 (adverb)
truly 5 (adverb)
virtually 5 (adverb)
altogether 4 (adverb)
anyway 4 (adverb)
automatically 4 (adverb)
deeply 4 (adverb)
definitely 4 (adverb)
deliberately 4 (adverb)
hardly 4 (adverb)
readily 4 (adverb)
terribly 4 (adverb)
unfortunately 4 (adverb)
forth 3 (adverb)
briefly 2 (adverb)
moreover 2 (adverb)
bly 2 (adverb)
honestly 1 (adverb)
previously 1 (adverb)
as 1363 (adverb, conjunction, pronoun)
there 470 (adverb, pronoun, noun)
when 442 (adverb, conjunction)
how 412 (adverb, conjunction)
so 352 (adverb, conjunction, pronoun)
up 296 (adverb, preposition, adjective)
out 294 (adverb, preposition, adjective)
no 213 (adverb, adjective, noun)
only 208 (adverb, adjective, conjunction)
well 184 (adverb, verb, noun)
first 176 (adverb, adjective)
where 166 (adverb, pronoun)
why 118 (adverb, conjunction, noun)
now 104 (adverb, conjunction, adjective)
around 101 (adverb, preposition)
once 95 (adverb, conjunction)
down 94 (adverb, preposition, adjective)
off 74 (adverb, preposition, adjective)
here 72 (adverb, interjection)
tonight 71 (adverb, noun)
away 59 (adverb, adjective)
today 54 (adverb, noun)
far 46 (adverb, adjective)
quite 45 (adverb, interjection)
later 42 (adverb, interjection)
above 40 (adverb, preposition, adjective)
yet 32 (adverb, conjunction)
maybe 17 (adverb, noun)
otherwise 14 (adverb, adjective)
near 13 (adverb, preposition, adjective)
forward 11 (adverb, adjective, noun)
somewhere 10 (adverb, noun)
anywhere 9 (adverb, noun)
please 8 (adverb, verb, idiom)
forever 7 (adverb, noun, idiom)
somehow 6 (adverb, idiom)
absolutely 5 (adverb, interjection)
abroad 2 (adverb, noun)
yeah 2 (adverb, interjection)
nowhere 1 (adverb, pronoun, adjective)
tomorrow 1 (adverb, noun)
yesterday 1 (adverb, noun)
the 9243 (definite article, adverb)
to 4951 (preposition, adverb)
in 2822 (preposition, adverb)
on 1087 (preposition, adverb, adjective)
by 706 (preposition, adverb)
more 597 (adjective, adverb)
about 451 (preposition, adverb, adjective)
such 236 (adjective, adverb)
through 235 (preposition, adverb, adjective)
new 210 (adjective, adverb)
just 208 (adjective, adverb)
any 190 (adjective, adverb)
each 173 (adjective, adverb)
much 165 (adjective, adverb)
before 141 (preposition, adverb, conjunction)
between 137 (preposition, adverb)
free 115 (adjective, adverb, verb)
right 113 (adjective, adverb, noun)
best 108 (adjective, adverb, noun)
since 107 (preposition, adverb, conjunction)
both 91 (adjective, adverb)
sure 90 (adjective, adverb)
without 89 (preposition, adverb, conjunction)
back 86 (noun, adverb, verb)
better 86 (adjective, adverb, noun)
enough 82 (adjective, adverb, interjection)
lot 82 (pronoun, adverb, noun)
small 81 (adjective, adverb)
though 81 (conjunction, adverb)
less 75 (adjective, adverb, preposition)
little 71 (adjective, adverb)
under 70 (preposition, adverb, adjective)
next 64 (adjective, adverb, noun)
hard 61 (adjective, adverb)
real 58 (adjective, adverb, noun)
left 52 (adjective, adverb)
least 50 (adjective, adverb)
short 48 (adjective, adverb, noun)
last 47 (adjective, adverb, noun)
within 46 (preposition, adverb)
along 45 (preposition, adverb)
lower 41 (adjective, adverb)
true 38 (adjective, adverb, verb)
bad 37 (noun, adverb, adjective)
across 36 (preposition, adverb, adjective)
clear 35 (adjective, adverb, verb)
easy 35 (adjective, adverb, interjection)
full 34 (adjective, adverb, noun)
close 29 (adjective, adverb, verb)
late 28 (adjective, adverb, noun)
proper 27 (adjective, adverb, noun)
fast 25 (adjective, adverb, verb)
wide 25 (adjective, adverb)
item 23 (noun, adverb)
wrong 23 (adjective, adverb, noun)
ago 22 (adjective, adverb)
behind 22 (preposition, adverb, adjective)
quick 22 (adjective, adverb, noun)
straight 21 (adjective, adverb, noun)
direct 20 (adjective, adverb, verb)
extra 20 (adjective, adverb, noun)
morning 20 (noun, adverb)
pretty 20 (adjective, adverb, noun)
overall 19 (adjective, adverb, noun)
alone 18 (adjective, adverb)
bright 17 (adjective, adverb, noun)
flat 17 (adjective, adverb, noun)
whatever 16 (pronoun, adverb, interjection)
slow 15 (adjective, adverb, verb)
clean 14 (adjective, adverb, verb)
fresh 14 (adjective, adverb)
whenever 14 (conjunction, adverb)
cheap 13 (adjective, adverb)
thin 13 (adjective, adverb, verb)
cool 12 (adjective, adverb, noun)
fair 11 (adjective, adverb, noun)
fine 11 (adjective, adverb, verb)
smooth 10 (adjective, adverb, verb)
false 7 (adjective, adverb, idiom)
thick 7 (adjective, adverb, noun)
collect 6 (verb, adverb, noun)
nearby 6 (adjective, adverb)
wild 6 (adjective, adverb, noun)
apart 5 (adjective, adverb)
none 5 (pronoun, adverb, adjective)
strange 5 (adjective, adverb)
tourist 5 (noun, adverb)
aside 4 (noun, adverb)
loud 4 (adjective, adverb)
super 4 (adjective, adverb, noun)
tight 4 (adjective, adverb)
gross 3 (adjective, adverb, verb)
ill 3 (adjective, adverb, noun)
downtown 2 (adjective, adverb, noun)
honest 2 (adjective, adverb)
ok 1 (adjective, adverb, noun)
pray 1 (verb, adverb)
weekly 1 (adjective, adverb, noun)

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